Mechanical Engineering

AUTOMATIC FILLING MACHINE BY GENEVA MECHANISM Bottle Indexing & filling machines are widely used in the domestic purpose. The Bottle Indexing & Filling machines play very important role in the Medical, Bislery, and Wine industry. In industry there is always used a Bottle Indexing & filling machine to fill the bottle in desired quantity. For this purpose Bottle Indexing & filling machines are widely used. These machines are used for special purpose machine, out of that there is normally a traditional filling machine is used in the industry. A traditional process contains filling the bottle by hand that will take more time. & also lot of wastage of water. Generally traditional process takes lot of process means first of clean the bottle, then whether the bottle is crack or not. But there is problem arises with this type process. The work setting time is more as compared with the filling time of the bottle. So due to this problem the idle time of the process is more as compared to the working time of the machine this will results in the low productivity of the machine & also it requires many worker for this process. This will effect on the efficiency of the machine it my reduced to 55% just due to the more idling time. By providing a Geneva mechanism & one limit switch time of the machine is minimized by providing this attachment the efficiency of the machine is improved up to 94% & also average skilled operator may be required for operate the machine due to this provision this machine is used for mass production also & it give facility to operate this machine easily. So the main goal of the project is to minimize the cycle time of the machine & achieve the high production rate on traditional machine. This goal of the project is nearly achieved by completion of the project. For achieving this goal we used different types of the flow process & engineering knowledge. These processes consist of: 1) Collection of data of machine. 2) Understanding the main problem. 3) Creating solution for problem. 4) Design of system (Mechanical design & system design). 5) Preparation production drawing. 6) Manufacturing of component by different machining process. 7) Assembly of the component. 8) Testing of machine. 9) Analysis of the test data. 10) Preparation of the report. Keywords: Filling time, Cycle time, Automation, Productivity, and Efficiency.(INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE PAPER AVAILABLE)

The main objective of this project is used to apply the gear by using automation system in automobile vehicles. This is the new innovative model mainly used for the vehicles to control the vehicle. Here we are concentrating to design the automatic gear changing mechanism in two wheeler vehicles by using the electronic devices. This is very useful for the gear changing mechanism in automobile vehicles. By using this we can easily control the vehicle and improve the performance of the vehicle also we can avoid the wear and tear of the gear.(INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE PAPER AVAILABLE)

The main objective of this project is used to apply the gear by using automation system in automobile vehicles. This is the new innovative model mainly used for the vehicles to control the vehicle. Here we are concentrating to design the AUTOMATIC PNEUMATIC CLUTCH mechanism in two wheeler vehicles by using the electronic and pneumatic devices. This is very useful for the gear changing mechanism in automobile vehicles. By using this we can easily control the vehicle and improve the performance of the vehicle also we can avoid the wear and tear of the gear.(INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE PAPER AVAILABLE) 

 Work holding and releasing is the most essential act to carry out machining. These are commonly used in the machine shop. • To hold the job in proper position • To release the job quickly • To hold the job rigidly • To prevent vibration of the job while the machining is carried out. There are many types of work holding devices like machine vices swivel vices, universal vice, pipe vice, T-Bolt’s ‘U’ clamps, Goose neck clamp, angle plate, Jigs and fixtures etc. These are all mechanical type work holding devices. In this project we are dealing about the pneumatic plain vice used in drilling machine. Here the loading and unloading is quick. The job can be held more rigidly.(INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE PAPER AVAILABLE)

The side stand is used for supporting a parked motorcycle. If the rider may forget to retract the side stands before riding, then the undistracted stand hitting the ground and affected the riders control during the turn. Now a day’s sensor are used for ensure that the stand is in released condition. The motorcycle side stand consists of a metallic rod and helical spring which is offset from the centre. Some side stand retract automatically when the motorcycle is lifted up the support some other are fit with electrical interlocks , warning devices or special retracting mechanism. In this paper there is possibility to reduce the evident which is takes place by the side stand. Side stand in two wheelers function the entire weight of the vehicle when it is parked. They are perfect on quick stop when one need to leave the vehicle for short while. They are provided with the spring that pulls it back into position to ensure extra safety. The presented mechanism consists of D.C. motor powered by motorcycles battery. Connected to the worm and worm gear mechanism for reduction of speed of motor and multiply the torque. The motor is actuated by the Rotation sensor which is mounted on the front of the wheel.(INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE PAPER AVAILABLE)

In the present scenario power becomes the major need for human life .The availability and its per capita consumptions are regarded as the index of national standard of living in the present day civilization. Energy is an important input in all the sectors of any countries economy. Energy crisis is due to two reasons, firstly the population of the world has been increased rapidly and secondly standard of living of human beings has increased. India is the country, which majorly suffers with lack of sufficient power generation. The availability of regular conventional fossil fuels will be the main sources for power generation, but there is a fear that they will get exhausted eventually by the next few decades. Therefore, we have to investigate some approximate, alternative, new sources for the power generation, which is not depleted by the very few years. Another major problem, which is becoming the exiting topic for today is the pollution. It suffers all the living organisms of all kinds as on the land, in aqua and in air. Power stations and automobiles are the major pollution producing places. Therefore, we have to investigate other types of renewable sources, which produce electricity without using any commercial fossil fuels, which is not producing any harmful products. There are already is existing such systems using renewable energy such as solar wind), OTEC (ocean thermal energy conversions) etc…for power generation. The latest technology which is used to generate the power by such renewable energy” POWER HUMP”.(INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE PAPER AVAILABLE)

This project is reports on the review of compressed air engine for the design and development of single cylinder engine which can be run by the compressed air. Current four strokes single cylinder engine (bikes/moped) can be run on the compressed air with a few modifications that are the main objective of the study. Compressed air filled by electricity using a compressor. The electricity requirement for compressing air has to be considered while computing overall efficiency. Nevertheless the compressed air vehicle will contribute to reducing a air pollution and tend to zero pollution level and promoting great environment. Main advantage of this engine is that no hydrocarbon fuel required means no combustion process is take place.(INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE PAPER AVAILABLE)

Drain cleaner machine is the system installed in an open canal, river or drainage passage so that manual extraction of waste to be replaced through it. This helps us to prevent the spreading of diseases in between humans by manual working in garbage waste. Plastic & other waste dump & block the flow of water in Canal & Rivers near the bridges support pillars, so it can extract out from river & canal & allow the water to flow without any obstacle. Then, may pass through conveyors to recycling plant. It is generally used for removing from sewage water mechanical impurities.(INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE PAPER AVAILABLE)

The electrical discharge machining (EDM) is one of the most common and most accepted non traditional machining processes used. It is a electro-thermal process and is based on the eroding effect of an electric spark on both the electrode and workpiece. It is a thermal erosion process where metal removal takes place by a series of recurring electrical discharges between a cutting tool acting as an electrode and a conductive workpiece, in the presence of a dielectric fluid. This discharge occurs in a voltage gap between the electrode and workpiece. EDM technology is increasingly being used in tool, die and mould making industries, for machining of heat treated tool steels and advanced materials (super alloys, ceramics, and metal matrix composites) requiring high precision, complex shapes and high surface finish. KEYWORDS: EDM, Electronic Discharge Machining, Machining Process, Study of Machining Process EDM.(INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE PAPER AVAILABLE)

Electromagnetic brakes have been used as supplementary retardation equipment in addition to the regular friction brakes on heavy vehicles. Electromagnetic brakes operate electrically, but ransmit torque mechanically. This is why they used to be referred to as electro-mechanical brakes. Over the years, EM brakes became known as electromagnetic, referring to their Actuation method. Since the brakes started becoming popular over sixty years ago, the variety of applications and brake designs has increased dramatically, but the basic operation remains the same.(INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE PAPER AVAILABLE)

Directional drilling machine which can be used based on drilling holes in various location and movement and easily operation done with high accuracy. Productivity can be improved by reducing total machining time and reduced human effort and reduced manufacturing cycle time. In this present age the application of micromachining operations continues to grow. These operations are required to fabricate the products required for sectors like medical science, automobile industries and electronics manufacturing etc. which deals with miniature trends. Drilling process is one of the machining processes which is used to drill micro holes not only in micro products but also in relatively larger work pieces which require ultra-small features which can be accomplished only by drilling process Key words: Drilling machine, Performance, Movement, Material, Operation etc.(INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE PAPER AVAILABLE)

A portable, expandable protective vehicle cover comprising: a base, the base is sized to support a vehicle thereon and having a substantially flat upper surface; a canopy, the canopy is supported by a telescoping frame, the telescoping frame comprises a plurality of U-shaped ribs extending along outer edges of the base; and a drive structure, the drive structure is positioned along a horizontal central axis parallel to the flat upper surface within the base. A rotating rod is operatively connected to the drive structure, ends of the telescoping frame are pivotally connected to opposing edges on the rotating rod. The drive structure provides power to turn the rotating rod to extend the telescoping frame to open and closed positions thereby opening and closing the canopy and allowing a vehicle positioned on the base to be covered by the canopy.(INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE PAPER AVAILABLE) 

In standard 2 Wheel Steering System, the rear set of wheels are always directed forward and do not play an active role in controlling the steering. While in 4 Wheel Steering System, the rear wheels do play an active role for steering, which can be guided at high as well as low speeds. Production cars are designed to under steer and rarely do they over steer. If a car could automatically compensate for an under steer/over steer problem, the driver would enjoy nearly neutral steering under varying operating conditions. Also in situations like low speed cornering, vehicle parking and driving in city conditions with heavy traffic in tight spaces, driving would be very difficult due to a sedan’s larger wheelbase and track width. Hence there is a requirement of a mechanism which result in less turning radius. We have developed an innovative 4 wheel steering design to implement a mechanism that can serve the purpose of changing in-phase and counter-phase steering of rear wheels depending upon the conditions of turning and lane changing with respect to front wheels, thus enhancing the maneuverability of a sedan in accordance with its speed.(INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE PAPER AVAILABLE)

In standard 2 Wheel Steering System, the rear set of wheels are always directed forward and do not play an active role in controlling the steering. While in 4 Wheel Steering System, the rear wheels do play an active role for steering, which can be guided at high as well as low speeds. Production cars are designed to under steer and rarely do they over steer. If a car could automatically compensate for an under steer/over steer problem, the driver would enjoy nearly neutral steering under varying operating conditions. Also in situations like low speed cornering, vehicle parking and driving in city conditions with heavy traffic in tight spaces, driving would be very difficult due to a sedan’s larger wheelbase and track width. Hence there is a requirement of a mechanism which result in less turning radius. We have developed an innovative 4 wheel steering design to implement a mechanism that can serve the purpose of changing in-phase and counter-phase steering of rear wheels depending upon the conditions of turning and lane changing with respect to front wheels, thus enhancing the maneuverability of a sedan in accordance with its speed.(INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE PAPER AVAILABLE)

Friction stir welding(FSW), anew solid state joining process combiningdeformation heating and mechanical work to obtain high quality, defect-freejoints. Friction stir welding is well suited for joining aluminium alloys in a largerange of plate thickness and has particular advantage over fusion welding whenjoining of highly alloyed aluminium is considered, high quality joints may evenbe made in discontinuously reinforced aluminium alloys.Because of the many demonstrated advantage of FSW over fusionwelding techniques, the commercialization of friction stir welding is proceedingat a rapid pace. Current production application includes both large and small scaleproducts.(INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE PAPER AVAILABLE)

A lawn mower (mower, etc.) is a machine utilizing one or more revolving blades to cut a grass surface to an even height. The height of the cut grass may be fixed by the design of the mower, but generally is adjustable by the operator, typically by a single master lever, or by a lever or nut and bolt on each of the machine's wheels. The blades may be powered by muscle, with wheels mechanically connected to the cutting blades so that when the mower is pushed forward, the blades spin, or the machine may have a battery-powered or plug-in electric motor. The most common power source for lawn mowers is a small (typically one cylinder) internal combustion engine. Smaller mowers often lack any form of propulsion, requiring human power to move over a surface; "walk-behind" mowers are self-propelled, requiring a human only to walk behind and guide them. Larger lawn mowers are usually either self-propelled "walk-behind" types, or more often, are "ride-on" mowers, equipped so the operator can ride on the mower and control it. A robotic lawn mower ("lawn-mowing bot", "mowbot", etc.) is designed to operate either entirely on its own, or less commonly by an operator by remote control.(INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE PAPER AVAILABLE)

: A hydro turbine uses the potential and kinetic energy of water and converts it into usable mechanical energy. The fluid energy is available in the natural or artificial high level water reservoirs, which are created by constructing dam at appropriate places in the flow path of rivers. When water from the reservoir is taken to the turbine, transfer of energy takes place in the blade passages of the unit .the mechanical energy made available at the turbine shaft is used to run an electric generator, which is directly couple to the turbine shaft. The power generated by utilizing the potential and kinetic energy of water has the advantages of high efficiency, operational flexibility, low wear and tear, and ease of maintenance.(INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE PAPER AVAILABLE)

Injection molding (British: moulding ) is a manufacturing technique for making parts from both thermoplastic and thermosetting plastic materials in production . Molten plastic is injected at high pressure into a mold , which is the inverse of the product's shape. After a product is designed, usually by an industrial designer or an engineer , molds are made by a moldmaker (or toolmaker) from metal, usually either steel or aluminium , and precision- machined to form the features of the desired part. Injection molding is widely used for manufacturing a variety of parts, from the smallest component to entire body panels of cars . Injection molding is the most common method of production, with some commonly made items including bottle caps and outdoor furniture. Injection molding typically is capable of tolerances equivalent to an IT Grade of about 9–14. The most commonly used thermoplastic materials are polystyrene (low cost, lacking the strength and longevity of other materials), ABS or acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (a ter- polymer or mixture of compounds used for everything from Lego parts to electronics housings), polyamide (chemically resistant, heat resistant, tough and flexible – used for combs), polypropylene (tough and flexible – used for containers), polyethylene , and polyvinyl chloride or PVC (more common in extrusions as used for pipes, window frames, or as the insulation on wiring where it is rendered flexible by the inclusion of a high proportion of plasticiser ).(INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE PAPER AVAILABLE)

The technology of pneumatics has gained tremendous importance in the field of workplace rationalization and automation from old-fashioned timber works and coal mines to modern machine shops and space robots. It is therefore important that technicians and engineers should have a good knowledge of pneumatic system, air operated valves and accessories. The air is compressed in an air compressor and from the compressor plant the flow medium is transmitted to the pneumatic cylinder through a well laid pipe line system. To maintain optimum efficiency of pneumatic system, it is of vital importance that pressure drop between generation and consumption of compressed air is kept very low. The aim is to design and develop a control system based an intelligent electronically controlled automotive braking system is called “INTELLIGENT BRAKING SYSTEM”. Sensor Operated Pneumatic Brake is consists of IR transmitter and Receiver circuit, Control Unit, Pneumatic breaking system. The IR sensor is used to detect the obstacle. There is any obstacle in the path, the IR sensor senses the obstacle and giving the control signal to the breaking system. The pneumatic breaking system is used to break the system.(INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE PAPER AVAILABLE)

This project Involves the design and fabrication of a kinematic walker. This kinematic walker is six-legged machine did can walk on any surface. It is an arrangement of six linkages did together are powered by a single engine. This device is analogous to a six-legged insect Examined as a spider. The motor can be powered by mains Either or a battery. The kinematic walker Comprises six legs that move Simultaneously to Provide motion. Each of synthesis six linkages are made of a four bar mechanism. These six legs move synchronously with several angular intervals in between them so that they give a walking motion just like a six-legged insect. Four fixed left surround and support the linkages Their movement. Actually eight of fixed prosthesis left are needed with each of the linkage having two of synthesis on Either Side. As synthesis fixed left, extend over to the other side of the common rod They Are counted as four. Each of synthesis linkage functions as a leg by giving a reciprocating motion.(INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE PAPER AVAILABLE)

Seed sowing machine should be suitable to all farms, all types of corps, robust construction, also is should be reliable, this is basic requirement of sowing machine. Thus we made sowing machine which is operated manually but reduces the efforts of farmers thus increasing the efficiency of planting also reduces the problem encountered in manual planting. For this machine we can plant different types and different sizes of seeds also we can vary the space between two seeds while planting. This also increased the planting efficiency and accuracy. We made it from raw materials thus it was so cheap and very usable for small scale farmers. For effective handling of the machine by any farmer or by any untrained worker we simplified its design. Also its adjusting and maintenance method also simplified.(INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE PAPER AVAILABLE)

A wiper motor is used for clamping. This mechanical apparatus used to secure an object to allow work to be performed on it. Vises have two parallel jaws, one fixed and the other movable. In this project a wiper motor is used to make jaw movable.(INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE PAPER AVAILABLE)

India is an agriculture based country in which, 70% of people depends on the outcome of farming. But if we observe that with increase in population the farm gets distributed among the family and because of this, farmer in India held averagely only two acre farm. Also economically, farmers are very poor due to which they are unable to purchase tractors and other costly equipments hence they use traditional method of farming. Basically, many farmers in India also use bullocks, horses and he-buffalo for farming operation. This will not satisfy need of energy requirement of the farming as compared to other countries in the world. So We are thinking that human and animal efforts can be replaced by some advance mechanization which will be suitable for small scale farmer from economical and effort point of view. So we are developing this equipment which will satisfy all this need and to solve labour problem. The paper aims on the design, development and the fabrication of the vehicle which can dig the soil, sow the seeds, leveler to close the soil and pump to spray water, these whole systems of the vehicle works with the battery. In recent years the development of the autonomous vehicles in the agriculture has experienced increased interest. The advantages of these vehicles are hands-free and fast input operations. In the field of agricultural autonomous vehicle, a concept is been developed to investigate if multiple small autonomous machine could be more efficient than traditional large tractors and human forces. Keeping the above ideology in mind, a unit with the following feature is designed, Ploughing is one of the first steps in farming. During this process we till the land and make it ready for the seed sowing. By tilling we mean that a plough will be used which will have teeth’s like structure at the end and will be able to turn the top layer of soil down and vice-versa. Seed sowing comes next where the seeds need to be put in ground at regular intervals and these needs to be controlled automatically. Limiting the flow of seeds from the seeds chamber is typically doing this. Soil leveler is fitted to close the seeds to the soil and to level the ground. Water pump is used to spray the water. Keywords: Ploughing, Digging, Seed sowing, Sprayer, Toggle switch, Battery.(INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE PAPER AVAILABLE) 

A hacksaw is a fine-toothed saw, originally and principally for cutting metal. They can also cut various other materials, such as plastic and wood; for example, plumbers and electricians often cut plastic pipe and plastic conduit with them. There are hand saw versions and powered versions (power hacksaws). Most hacksaws are hand saws with a C-shaped frame that holds a blade under tension. Such hacksaws have a handle, usually a pistol grip, with pins for attaching a narrow disposable blade. The frames may also be adjustable to accommodate blades of different sizes. A screw or other mechanism is used to put the thin blade under tension. Panel hacksaws forgo the frame and instead have a sheet metal body; they can cut into a sheet metal panel further than a frame would allow. These saws are no longer commonly available, but hacksaw blade holders enable standard hacksaw blades to be used similarly to a keyhole saw or pad saw. Power tools including nibblers, jigsaws, and angle grinders fitted with metal-cutting blades and discs are now used for longer cuts in sheet metals. On hacksaws, as with most frame saws, the blade can be mounted with the teeth facing toward or away from the handle, resulting in cutting action on either the push or pull stroke. In normal use, cutting vertically downwards with work held in a bench vice, hacksaw blades should be set to be facing forwards. Some frame saws, including Fret Saws and Piercing Saws, have their blades set to be facing the handle because they are used to cut by being pulled down against a horizontal surface.(INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE PAPER AVAILABLE)

like slotting and shaping by the use of drilling operation using cam arrangement. Multi-operation scheduling as a research area is motivated by questions that arise in Industrial manufacturing, production planning, and computer control. Consider a large Automotive garage with specialized shops Industries are basically meant for Production of useful goods and services at low production cost, machinery cost and low inventory cost. Today in this world every task have been made quicker and fast due to technology advancement but this advancement also demands huge investments and expenditure, every industry desires to make high productivity rate maintaining the quality and standard of the product at low average cost In an industry a considerable portion of investment is being made for machinery installation. So in this paper we have a proposed a machine which can perform operations like drilling, sawing, shaping, some lathe operations at different working centers simultaneously which implies that industrialist have not to pay for machine performing above tasks individually for operating operation simultaneously.(INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE PAPER AVAILABLE)

The MULTI SPINDLE DRILLING MACHINE (Eccentric Drive) is one which can be used to drill a number of holes at various large and even unsymmetrical layouts according to our requirements, where the conventional Multi spindle drilling machines cannot be used. This is an improvement over geared drill heads and drill heads adopted with universal joints. This is an improvement over geared drill heads and drill heads adopted with universal joints. The drill head is mounted on the drilling machine table. The drill head spindle is inserted in to the machine spindle. It is used to drill a number of holes in different layouts according deals with a proper idea of usage of eccentrics in the field of drilling. The report furnishes a cost estimation of all the components of the equipment by careful considerations of all factors such as cost of material, labour, machining and purchased components.(INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE PAPER AVAILABLE)

Pantorouter is a mild steel jig for hobbyists and custom furniture craftsman. It is a precision mild steel joinery machine. It is easy to operate this machine is something similar to the lathe machine but the difference is that there is no chuck in this machine to hold the job. This machine is made of mild steel with very high surface finish. This machine is not very costly the cost in this machine is of router the router is very costly.(INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE PAPER AVAILABLE)

The design and fabrication of paper cutting machine using Geneva mechanism is very useful to cut papers in equal and accurate dimensions. Geneva drive is an indexing mechanism that converts the continuous motion into intermittent motion. By means of this mechanism the continuous rotary motion of the sprocket wheel is converted into intermittent rotary motion of roller. Due to the intermittent motion, the paper is moved between the time intervals of cutting periods. Then the paper cutting is achieved by the crank and lever mechanism. The sprocket will act as a crank, then the cutter will act as a lever. These two links are connected by a connecting link. The cutter will be back to its original position by the spring effect.(INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE PAPER AVAILABLE)

A brake is a mechanical device that inhibits motion by absorbing energy from a moving system. It is used for slowing or stopping a moving vehicle, wheel, axle, or to prevent its motion, most often accomplished by means of friction. A brake is a device by means of which frictional resistance is applied to a moving machine member, in order to retard or stop the motion of a machine. A brake is a mechanical device which inhibits motion, slowing or stopping a moving object or preventing its motion. Most commonly brakes use friction between two surfaces pressed together to convert the kinetic energy of the moving object into heat to slow down the motion of vehicle.(INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE PAPER AVAILABLE)

The objective of the project is to prepare a machine which cuts sheet metal without human efforts but operates pneumatically. Compressed air is used as working media. The compressed air moves the blades of machine to cut the sheet of metal. The idea of the project generated due to a manual sheet metal sheering machine in workshop of our college. In that machine sheet metal is placed in between the two sheering blades of machine and the lever is pulled down to move the upper movable blade and cut the work-piece.(INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE PAPER AVAILABLE)

A vehicle propelled by a mechanical-pneumatic system that consists in a compressed air storage source from which this fluid is selectively supplied via a supply-­regulating valve element to a power assembly that converts said pneumatic energy into mechanical work to displace the vehicle. Now a day`s the cost of fuels are increasing rapidly. People are very much cost concerned. It is not economical to run vehicle on conventional fuels. The stocks of conventional fuels are going to diminish; hence our product pneumatic vehicle can prove as a solution. In design, construction, and maintenance of any engineering system, engineers have to take many technological and managerial decisions at several stages. The ultimate goal of all such decisions is either to minimize the effort required or to maximize the desired benefit. In pneumatic vehicle, the energy of compressed air filled inside the tank mounted on the vehicle is utilized.(INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE PAPER AVAILABLE)

Pneumatic systems are safer than electromotive systems because they can work in inflammable environment without causing fire or explosion. Apart from that, overloading in pneumatic system will only lead to sliding or cessation of operation. Unlike electromotive components, pneumatic components do not burn or get overheated when overloaded. The operation of pneumatic systems does not produce pollutants. The air released is also processed in special ways. Therefore, pneumatic systems can work in environments that demand high level of cleanliness. One example is the production lines of integrated circuits.(INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE PAPER AVAILABLE)

Multistoried car parking system helps to minimize the parking area. In the modern world where parking space has become a very big problem, it has become very important to avoid the wastage of space in modern big companies and apartments etc. in places where more than 100 cars need to be parked, this system proves to be useful in reducing wastage of space. This car parking system enables the parking of vehicles, floor after floor and thus reducing the space used. These makes the system modernized and thus space-saving one.(INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE PAPER AVAILABLE)

The place, where the value of gravity remain lower than earth’s own gravitational coefficient, at that place the existing suspension system fails to fulfil desired results as the amount and mode of shock absorbing changes. To counter anti gravity impact, NASA and Jet Propulsion Laboratory have jointly developed a suspension system called the rocker-bogie Suspension system. It is basically a suspension arrangement used in mechanical robotic vehicles used specifically for space exploration. The rocker-bogie suspension based rovers has been successfully introduced for the Mars Pathfinder and Mars Exploration Rover (MER) and Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) missions conducted by apex space exploration agencies throughout the world. The proposed suspension system is currently the most favoured design for every space exploration company indulge in the business of space research. The motive of this research initiation is to understand mechanical design and its advantages of Rocker- bogie suspension system in order to find suitability to implement it in conventional loading vehicles to enhance their efficiency and also to cut down the maintenance related expenses of conventional suspension systems. Keywords: exploration, efficiency, mission, rocker- bogie, Suspension.(INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE PAPER AVAILABLE)

Rotational Molding involves a heated hollow mold which is filled with a charge or shot weight of material. It is then slowly rotated (usually around two perpendicular axes) causing the softened material to disperse and stick to the walls of the mold. In order to maintain even thickness throughout the part, the mold continues to rotate at all times during the heating phase and to avoid sagging or deformation also during the cooling phase. The process was applied to plastics in the 1940s but in the early years was little used because it was a slow process restricted to a small number of plastics. Over the past two decades, improvements in process control and developments with plastic powders have resulted in a significant increase in usage. Rotocasting (also known as rotacasting), by comparison, uses self-curing resins in an unheated mould, but shares slow rotational speeds in common with rotational molding. Spin casting should not be confused with either, utilizing self-curing resins or white metal in a high speed centrifugal casting machine.(INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE PAPER AVAILABLE)

An Automatic scrap (chips) collecting apparatus for a machine tool has two separate chip conveyors for chips of different materials. The chip collecting apparatus receives chips on fixed guide plates. Chips are washed from the fixed guide plates into a chip collecting area. In the chip collecting area is disposed a change-over plate for directing the chips from the guide plates onto either one of the chip conveyors. The change-over plate is pivotably moveable between different positions corresponding to the respective chip conveyors. In an alternative embodiment, only one chip conveyor is used, and the change-over plate is provided at the discharge end of the conveyor to discharge chips into either one of two chip collecting bins.(INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE PAPER AVAILABLE)

This project is to design a resistance seam welding machine, resistance seam welding is a process that produces a weld at the faying surfaces of two similar metals. The seam may be a butt joint or an overlap joint and is usually an automated process. It differs from butt welding in that butt welding typically welds the entire joint at once and seam welding forms the weld progressively, starting at one end. Like spot welding, seam welding relies on two electrodes, usually made from copper, to apply pressure and current. The electrodes are disc shaped and rotate as the material passes between them. This allows the electrodes to stay in constant contact with the material to make long continuous welds. The electrodes may also move or assist the movement of the material.(INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE PAPER AVAILABLE)

A belt conveyor is a moving surface used to transport product from one end to the other. In its basic form it consists of a driving head pulley, a tail pulley, the moving belt, support rollers, cleaning devices, tensioning mechanisms and a structural frame. Though simple in concept its many components need to work together as a system toget the best performance and operating life. Critical to that is an understanding of how to care for a belt conveyor and tune it for successful operation. Keywords: materials handling, bulk material transport Belt conveyors are used to transport anything from matches to bulk material such as iron ore and quarried stone. The belt can be made of natural fibers , rubber, plastic or metal. Regardless of its construction and purpose there are basic requirements to its successful operation that must be met. (INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE PAPER AVAILABLE) 

Nowadays pollution is a major issue for whole world. Pollution is manmade and can be seen in own homes. In case Gas powered lawn mowers due to the emission of gases it is responsible for pollution. Also the cost of fuel is increasing hence it is not efficient. So the Solar powered lawn cutters are introduced. Solar powered lawn mower can be described as the application of solar energy to power an electric motor which in turn rotates a blade which does the mowing of a lawn. Solar energy is the renewable energy.(INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE PAPER AVAILABLE)

We are blessed with Solar Energy in abundance at no cost. The solar radiation incident on the surface of the earth can be conveniently utilized for the benefit of human society. One of the popular devices that harness the solar energy is solar hot water system (SHWS). A solar water heater consists of a collector to collect solar energy and an insulated storage tank to store hot water. The solar energy incident on the absorber panel coated with selected coating transfers the hat to the riser pipes underneath the absorber panel. The water passing through the risers get heated up and is delivered the storage tank. The re-circulation of the same water through absorber panel in the collector raises the temperature to 80 C (Maximum) in a good sunny day. The total system with solar collector, storage tank and pipelines is called solar hot water system.(INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE PAPER AVAILABLE)

The research and development work carried out by different researchers on development of novel thermoelectric R&AC system has been thoroughly reviewed in this paper. In recent years, with the increase awareness towards environmental degradation due to the production, use and disposal of ChloroFluoro Carbons (CFCs) and Hydro Chlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) as heat carrier fluids in conventional refrigeration and air conditioning systems has become a subject of great concern and resulted in extensive research into development of novel refrigeration and space conditioning technologies. Thermoelectric cooling provides a promising alternative R&AC technology due to their distinct advantages. Use of Thermoelectric effect to increase the COP of existing cooling system has been also reviewed in this paper. (INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE PAPER AVAILABLE) 

Since the wheel was invented back in the Stone Age, it was the primary component used in all forms of mechanical transportation. Even today it is the component of choice for almost any type of moving machine like cars. However, the wheel has always had a major disadvantage with short instant elevation changes like stairs. For most uses, climbing stairs or steep jagged rock piles is not a problem which is why the wheel is still almost always used. For the other applications, people looked at animal and human legs which are already proven to work effectively on this type of terrain. The two most effective leg mechanisms are currently Joe Klann’s mechanism which resembles a spider leg and Theo Jansen’s mechanism which resembles a human leg. We have chosen Joe Klann mechanism which has more advantage than Jansen mechanism. The main objective of our paper is to replace the function of wheel with an alternative in order to overcome the difficulty of travelling in uneven terrain. This paper is useful in hazardous material handling, clearing minefields or secures an area without putting anyone at risk.(INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE PAPER AVAILABLE)

Resistance spot welding (RSW) is a process in which contacting metal surfaces are joined by the heat obtained from resistance to electric current. Work-pieces are held together under pressure exerted by electrodes. Typically the sheets are in the 0.5 to 3 mm (0.020 to 0.118 in) thickness range. The process uses two shaped copper alloy electrodes to concentrate welding current into a small "spot" and to simultaneously clamp the sheets together. Forcing a large current through the spot will melt the metal and form the weld. The attractive feature of spot welding is that a lot of energy can be delivered to the spot in a very short time (approximately 10–100 milliseconds). That permits the welding to occur without excessive heating of the remainder of the sheet.(INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE PAPER AVAILABLE)

Resistance spot welding (RSW) is a process in which contacting metal surfaces are joined by the heat obtained from resistance to electric current. Work-pieces are held together under pressure exerted by electrodes. Typically the sheets are in the 0.5 to 3 mm (0.020 to 0.118 in) thickness range. The process uses two shaped copper alloy electrodes to concentrate welding current into a small "spot" and to simultaneously clamp the sheets together. Forcing a large current through the spot will melt the metal and form the weld. The attractive feature of spot welding is that a lot of energy can be delivered to the spot in a very short time (approximately 10–100 milliseconds). That permits the welding to occur without excessive heating of the remainder of the sheet. The amount of heat (energy) delivered to the spot is determined by the resistance between the electrodes and the magnitude and duration of the current. The amount of energy is chosen to match the sheet's material properties, its thickness, and type of electrodes. Applying too little energy will not melt the metal or will make a poor weld. Applying too much energy will melt too much metal, eject molten material, and make a hole rather than a weld. Another feature of spot welding is that the energy delivered to the spot can be controlled to produce reliable welds.(INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE  PAPER AVAILABLE)

In spring working industry a wide range of power and hand operated machines are used. As the industry is a large and growing industry different type of machines are used for different operations. Our project the spring rolling machine is very simple in operation by using spur gear arrangement which is coupled with motor. This machine produces round spring of different diameters and length. This machine can be used in various fields. This machine consist of two spur gear which is coupled with a motor and connecting the spur gear shaft with rolling main shaft. This machine is simple in construction and working principle.(INTERNATIONL CONFERENCE PAPER AVAILABLE)

Drilling is a process of making a hole or enlarging a hole in an object by forcing a rotating tool called drill. The same process can be accomplished in some other machine by holding the drill stationary and rotating the work. The most common example of drilling in this class is drilling in a lathe, in which the drill is held in the tail stock and the work is held and rotated by the chuck. Figure 1 Drilling Process Drilling machine is one of the simplest, moderate and accurate machine tool used in production shop and tool room. It consists of a spindle, which imparts rotary motion to the drilling tool, a mechanism for feeding the tool into the work piece, a table on which the work rests and a frame. It is considered a single purpose machine tool since its chief function is to make holes. However, it can and does perform operations ot than drilling also(INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE PAPER AVAILBLE)

A steam engine is a heat engine that performs mechanical work using steam as its working fluid. Steam engines are external combustion engines,[1] where the working fluid is separate from the combustion products. Non-combustion heat sources such as solar power, nuclear power or geothermal energy may be used. Water turns to steam in a boiler and reaches a high pressure. When expanded through pistons or turbines, mechanical work is done. The reduced-pressure steam is then released into the atmosphere or condensed and pumped back into the boiler. The ideal thermodynamic cycle used to analyze this process is called the Rankine cycle. Most mobile steam engines and some smaller stationary engines discard the low-pressure steam instead of condensing it for reuse.(INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE PAPER AVAILABLE)

This project work titled “THREE AXIS PNEUMATIC MODERN TRAILER” has been conceived having studied the difficulty in unloading the materials. Our survey in the regard in several automobile garages, revealed the facts that mostly some difficult methods were adopted in unloading the materials from the trailer. Now the project has mainly concentrated on this difficulty, and hence a suitable arrangement has been designed. Such that the vehicles can be unloaded from the trailer in three axes without application of any impact force. By pressing the Direction control valve activated. The compressed air is goes to the pneumatic cylinder through valve. The ram of the pneumatic cylinder acts as a lifting the trailer cabin. The automobile engine drive is coupled to the compressor engine, so that it stores the compressed air when the vehicle running. This compressed air is used to activate the pneumatic cylinder, when the valve is activated.(INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE PAPER AVAILABLE)

We all have seen the wheel chair that normally the patients or the handicapped people use, it needs someone to push or the person on the chair has to apply force directly on the wheels which make him tired and strained and if the patient want to go to the table he has to get down and shift to other chair. Thus to eliminate these problems of a patient or a handicapped person we have designed a three wheeled device. This tricycle relates to a portable self-propelled device without using either electric or fluid power. In some embodiments .it also helps to take a turn too easily than the normal wheel chair. It has a tiller pulling of which makes the tricycle to move forward and backward and it’s made so portable that the person using it can move independently in home and outdoor applications. Normal wheel chairs we find a paddle which is a more laborious job. In some other the person sitting on it must himself strive hard to move by rotating the wheels with his hands. Depending upon the lever pumped forward or reverse motion is obtained a modest back and forth pumping of the lever is sufficient to move the chair and occupant to easily keep up with friends another pedestrians.(INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE AVAILABLE)

A treadmill is a device generally for walking or running while staying in the same place. Treadmills were introduced before the development of powered machines, to harness the power of animals or humans to do work, often a type of mill that was operated by a person or animal treading steps of a treadwheel to grind grain. In later times, treadmills were used as punishment devices for people sentenced to hard labour in prisons. The terms treadmill and treadwheel were used interchangeably for the power and punishment mechanisms. More recently, treadmills are not used to harness power, but as exercise machines for running or walking in one place. Rather than the user powering the mill, the machine provides a moving platform with a wide conveyor belt driven by an electric motor or a flywheel. The belt moves to the rear, requiring the user to walk or run at a speed matching that of the belt. The rate at which the belt moves is the rate of walking or running. Thus, the speed of running may be controlled and measured. The more expensive, heavy-duty versions are motor-driven (usually by an electric motor). The simpler, lighter, and less expensive versions passively resist the motion, moving only when walkers push the belt with their feet. The latter are known as manual treadmills.(INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE PAPER AVAILABLE)

This project work titled “TWO WHEEL DRIVE INDUSTRIAL FORKLIFTER” has been conceived having studied the difficulty in lifting and loading the any type of materials. The project contains of designing the mechanical part of machine and to fabricate the mechanical part of the system of the lift machine. There are difference between this lift machine and the current lift machine in market. The design of this lift machine will be more user friendly in handling and use. To achieve the objective of this project, it need a lot of knowledge and skills such as welding skill, drilling, grinding. (INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE PAPER AVAILABLE) 

                LATEST TOPICS 2020

Bicycles are one of the most ubiquitous forms of transportation in the world. Most children remember their first bike; with it came the chance to explore their world with more freedom than ever before. As we grow, however, bicycling becomes more than just a childhood rite of passage. Wind in our hair and feet on the pedals, we have several good reasons to climb on and take a trip. Much of the world uses bicycles as a primary form of daily transportation. What would take several hours of travel on foot becomes faster and more efficient on two wheels. Some cyclists take trips across entire states or cross-country solely on a bicycle. Reaching speeds of 15 miles or 30 km an hour is achievable by even beginning cyclists, while more experienced riders can reach speeds equivalent to automobile travel. Not to be constrained by simple transportation, bicycles (stationary and otherwise) have helped people become healthier by losing excess weight and improving cardiovascular fitness. The exercise benefits of cycling are well known. Using the largest muscles in the body, bicycling allows riders to reach aerobic heart rates that drive up metabolism, and give a good workout. With the relative new comer in the bicycle world, mountain bikes, this form of transportation is taking us on rugged terrain once thought impassable by anything other than hiking boots or pack animals. Extreme sport enthusiasts have adapted the bicycle to perform gravity defying stunts, such as flips and midair acrobatics, in a style known as BMX (Bicycle Motor cross). In short, bikes remain a popular way to get people between points A and B, whether those destinations are found on a map, from one state of health to another, or to explore the unknown. Bicycles have become an important part of the landscape. Most people understand the saying, "as easy as riding a bike." Or we understand that some dormant skill is easy to pick back up if it's "just like riding a bike." Likewise, many immediately think of bicycles when we make an allusion to "coasting", "picking up speed", or "going downhill". Because of technological advances in storage cells and electric propulsion systems in recent years and in response to the growing demand for clean, efficient methods of transportation in our urban communities, electric bicycle development and marketing has surged ahead, especially in Asia and Europe.. E-bikes are not a replacement for conventional bicycles.

A coronavirus is a kind of common virus that causes an infection in your nose, sinuses, or upper throat. It can affect your upper respiratory tract (sinuses, nose, and throat) or lower respiratory tract (windpipe and lungs).It spreads the same way other coronaviruses do, mainly through person-to-person contact. Infections range from mild to deadly.The automatic sanitizer spraying room is developing to protect people from corona virus. In this system when a person is entered in the room the sensor is detect a person and automatically sanitizer is spray on the whole body of person. This process is automatic so there is no need to any person to operate the system. This system is used in various public places such as hospitals, bus stands, railway stations, industries etc.

In mechanical type, the screw rod is actuating the movable jaw. One end is connected to the movable jaw and it passes through a fixed type nut. When we rotate one end of the screw rod it will rotate in the nut and in turn moves the movable jaw. Here the rotary motion is converted into reciprocating motion. In Hydraulic type’s one end of the piston rod is connected to the movable jaw and the piston slides in the cylinder. Here the hydraulic fluid actuates the movement of the piston; this in turn actuates the movable jaw. Here the principle movement is only a reciprocating movement. Pneumatic type is same as the hydraulic type. Here instead of hydraulic fluid, air is used. An incredible range of manufacturing systems use the force and power of fluids such as water, oil and air. Powered clamps open and close with the force of pressurized air or oil, large presses shape and form metal with hydraulic pressure, and assembly torque tools fasten components with pressurized air. In each example, fluid power provides the energy necessary to exert significant mechanical forces. Systems that use air are called pneumatic systems while systems that use liquids like oil or water are called hydraulic system. The pneumatic systems will be the subject of the first three sessions in the course starting from this session. Pneumatics is all about using compressed air to make a process happens. Compressed air is simply the air we breathe squeezed into a small space under pressure. You might remember that air under pressure possesses potential energy which can be released to do useful work. Their principle of operation is similar to that of the hydraulic power systems. An air compressor converts the mechanical energy of the prime mover into, mainly, pressure energy of the compressed air. This transformation facilitates the transmission, storage, and control of energy. After compression, the compressed air should be prepared for use. A pneumatic system consists of a group of pneumatic components connected together so that a signal (compressed air) is passed through the system to make something happen at the output. These groups of components can be divided into five categories according to their function in the pneumatic circuit as follows